Yahweh

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History of the god of the bible we all know and love

Yahweh was a warrior storm god who hung around with 34 other gods.

    He was merged with El (see below) and had Baal storm god traits.

Yahweh and wife Asherah.

Yahweh and his rival Baal locked in battle. Baal was the inspiration behind beelzibub.

Yahwehzilla the genocidal god of the bible can't be stopped! You prayed for him, this is what you got!
All 34 gods/deities/demons are associated through the shared ancient Near Eastern religious milieu (Canaanite, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Philistine, and Syrian pantheons) that the Hebrew Bible polemicizes against.

    The Old Testament portrays them as foreign rivals, idols, or titles that Israelites were forbidden to worship (or that Yahweh absorbed/supplanted).

    Many originated in the Canaanite pantheon (head: El; storm god: Baal; consort: Asherah), known best from Ugaritic clay tablets discovered accidentally in 1928 to 1929 at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit, Syria) during French excavations - these 13th to 12th century BCE texts revealed the full myths for the first time.

    Mesopotamian gods (Nergal, Shamash, etc.) were known centuries earlier from Sumerian/Akkadian cuneiform tablets (Early Dynastic period, ~2900 to 2350 BCE onward, from sites like Nippur, Ur, Larsa).

    Biblical mentions (mostly 2 Kings 17, Ezekiel 8, etc.) reflect 8th to 6th century BCE Israelite exposure via conquest/ exile.  

Amon
Egyptian sun god; biblical rival (Jer 46); first in Egyptian texts ~2000 BCE.

Baal
Canaanite storm/fertility god; Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

Anat
Canaanite war goddess (Baal’s sister); Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

El Shaddai
Canaanite mountain god title (absorbed by Yahweh); patriarchal Bible + Ugarit El; ~13th BCE.

Bel
Babylonian title for Marduk (chief god); Old Babylonian tablets ~2000 BCE.

Asherah
Canaanite mother goddess (El’s consort, “Yahweh’s Asherah”); Ugarit + Kuntillet Ajrud 1975 to 76.

Nergal
Mesopotamian plague/underworld god; Early Dynastic Sumerian texts ~2900 BCE.

Shaydim
Hebrew term for demons/idols; Bible itself (Deut 32); no pre-biblical find.

Dagon
Philistine/Canaanite grain god (Baal’s father); Ebla tablets ~2500 BCE.

Molech
Ammonite child-sacrifice god; Bible + possible Ugarit; ~8th BCE mentions.

Shamash
Mesopotamian sun/justice god; Early Dynastic Sumerian ~2900 BCE.

Elohim
Plural “gods” title for Yahweh/others; Bible + Ugarit El plural; ~13th BCE.

Abaddon
Hebrew destruction angel/place; Bible (Job, Rev); no external find.

Elim
Canaanite gods (plural of El); Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

Mot
Canaanite death god (Baal’s rival); Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

Ashimah
Syrian/Assyrian god; Bible (2 Kgs 17); unknown pre-biblical source.

El
Canaanite high god (father of gods); Ebla tablets ~2500 BCE.

Beelzebub
Philistine “lord of flies” (Baal variant); Bible (2 Kgs 1); Iron Age.

Resheph
Canaanite plague/war god; Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

Tammuz
Mesopotamian vegetation god (Dumuzid); Early Dynastic Sumerian ~2900 BCE.

Nibhaz
Avvite god; Bible (2 Kgs 17); unknown pre-biblical source.

Shachar
Canaanite dawn god; Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

Adrammelech
Sepharvite god (child sacrifice); Bible (2 Kgs 17); unknown pre-biblical.

Baal Peor
Moabite local Baal; Bible (Num 25); Moabite context ~9th BCE.

Malkam
Ammonite king god (Milcom); Bible (1 Kgs 11); ~9th BCE.

Nisroch
Assyrian god; Bible (2 Kgs 19); unknown pre-biblical source.

Nabu
Babylonian wisdom/scribe god; Old Babylonian tablets ~2000 BCE.

Rimmon
Syrian storm god (Hadad); Mari texts ~1800 BCE.

Ashtoreth
Canaanite fertility goddess (Astarte); Ugarit tablets; discovered 1928 to 29.

Succoth-Benoth
Babylonian goddess; Bible (2 Kgs 17); unknown pre-biblical.

Chemosh
Moabite national god; Mesha Stele ~840 BCE (first full text).

Tartak
Avvite god; Bible (2 Kgs 17); unknown pre-biblical source.

Anammelech
Sepharvite god (child sacrifice); Bible (2 Kgs 17); unknown pre-biblical.

Azazel
Hebrew wilderness demon; Bible (Lev 16); no clear pre-biblical find.

Yahweh emerged from this polytheistic world, absorbing El-titles while condemning the rest.




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